{"id":358,"date":"2020-08-18T19:23:47","date_gmt":"2020-08-18T20:23:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.linux-tutorial.info\/?page_id=77"},"modified":"2020-08-22T19:26:01","modified_gmt":"2020-08-22T20:26:01","slug":"this-is-the-page-title-toplevel-191","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.linux-tutorial.info\/?page_id=358","title":{"rendered":"Installation Problems"},"content":{"rendered":"\nInstallation Problems<\/title>\n<p>\nSome possible problems could occur during the installation, one of which is that you have no free\nspace. Many Linux distributions will allow you to install it on an existing\n<glossary>DOS<\/glossary>\n<glossary>partition<\/glossary>, so you need to be careful with this one.\nFortunately, the system will tell what kind of file system it is.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIf you are having trouble booting from floppies, there are a few reasons for this. The first,\nwhich I saw quite often while I was in tech support, happens on new machines when the\n<glossary>CMOS<\/glossary> setting for the floppy does not match what really is in the drive. Even\ntoday, CMOS are delivered in which the default A: floppy is 5.25″ and 360K. If you have a 3.5″\n1.44MB, it won’t work right. The <glossary>kernel<\/glossary> <i>might <\/i>load, because it is just\nreading one <glossary>sector<\/glossary> after the other. However, the first time you have to seek to a particular sector, you’re hosed.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nToday, I no do not really see a need to install from floppies unless you have a very old machine. All CD drives that I have seen in recent years are are bootable and every major Linux distribution comes with bootable CDs. So all you need to do it put the CD in the drive, power on and go!\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAnother common problem is simply that it is defective media. If you can install directly from the\n<glossary>CD-ROM<\/glossary>, this problem is unlikely to happen. It might also be that the CD-ROM is\njust <glossary>dirty<\/glossary>. Wipe it off with a clean <i>dry, <\/i>non-static cloth. If you have\nto create a <glossary>boot<\/glossary> floppy set, it’s best to have new floppies. The cost of a new\nbox is worth the piece of mind.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIf the system hangs during <glossary>boot<\/glossary>\nprocess, pay close attention to any messages that come up, particularly the last few. These messages\nmight indicate what the problems are. Although it didn’t cause a hang, I had an\n<glossary>Ethernet<\/glossary> card and multi-port board that were both software configurable. Both\nconfigured to <glossary>IRQ<\/glossary> 10. Because the multi-port board was initialized first, my Ethernet card was\ninaccessible. Also check the Hardware <glossary>HOWTO<\/glossary> to make <i>sure <\/i>that your\nhardware is supported.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nI have heard of out-of-memory errors. I have never experienced them myself because I have always\ninstalled my system with 32MB. The reason for this error is that you have very little\n<glossary>RAM<\/glossary> and a RAM disk is created during the install for the root file system. If\nthe amount of RAM you have minus the ramdisk doesn’t leave enough for Linux, you’re in trouble. If\nyou don’t have enough RAM, get more. RAM is not prohibitively expensive, and you cant run a\nproductive system without it anyway.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIf you run into hardware problems, strip the system to just the devices you need for the install.\nRemove the parallel\/serial ports, sound cards, <glossary>network<\/glossary> cards,\n<glossary>mouse<\/glossary> cards, and anything else you don’t need for the installation. If the\nproblem still continues, maybe one of the other cards is loose (like the <glossary>SCSI<\/glossary>\n<glossary>host<\/glossary> adapter). Remove and reseat all the cards. Check for conflicts of base\n<glossary>address<\/glossary>, <glossary>IRQ<\/glossary>,\n<glossary>DMA<\/glossary>, and, obviously, check that your hardware is supported.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nSCSI devices are good things to have, but they can also be a major headache. I must admit that\nat times I almost have a too-relaxed attitude when installing. (Hey, I know what I am doing, right?)\nI often take for granted that the hardware is configured in a particular way, especially when other\nhardware of the same type is configured that way. This leads to problems!\n<\/p>\n<p>\nI have seen systems in which a <glossary>SCSI<\/glossary>\ndevice is detected at all IDs, though no devices are there and no manufacturers ID is recognized.\nThis happens when there is a device and HA at the same SCSI ID. The <glossary>host<\/glossary>\nadapter must be at ID 7. Every other device must be at a different, <i>unique<\/i> ID.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nMaybe Linux detects errors on the disk, but the disk is known to be error free, which is often\ncaused by either bad cables or incorrect termination. If your <glossary>SCSI<\/glossary> devices\nreport timeouts, there may be a conflict with base <glossary>address<\/glossary>,\n<glossary>DMA<\/glossary>, or <glossary>IRQ<\/glossary>\nof the <glossary>host<\/glossary>\nadapter. I have also experienced timeouts when more than two devices on the\n<glossary>bus<\/glossary> are terminated. Remember that only the two devices at the physical\nend of the SCSI bus should be (must be) terminated. the SCSI devices report timeouts, this\nmay also be due to bad connections or termination problems. However, it might also be due to conflicts with the <glossary>I\/O<\/glossary>\naddress or IRQ or DMA channels.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIf you have obtained a version from the Internet, you can get read errors or “file not found”\nmessages. I specifically mentioned the Internet because I have never seen it with commercial\nversions. This might be an indication of bad media (so instead, use new floppies) or that something\nwent wrong with the transfer.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIf you used <glossary>ftp<\/glossary>\nto copy the files from DOS\/Windows machine, the transfer mode is normally <glossary>ASCII<\/glossary>\nby default. These files <i>must<\/i> be transferred in <glossary>binary<\/glossary>\nmode or they could result in messages like “tar: read error” or “gzip: not in gzip format.”\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAfter installing, you may have some problems booting. You may see something like “non-system disk in drive,” “disk not bootable,” “NO OS,” etc., probably because your master\n<glossary>boot<\/glossary> block is corrupt. This can occur when installing onto machines with\nmultiple operating systems. Some OSs have to be installed on the\n<glossary>active partition<\/glossary>. I have experienced this <i>once<\/i>, when I installed a second OS on a system\nonly to find that the second simply overwrote the first.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nThe fdisk program on all PC-based OSs can read the <glossary>partition<\/glossary>\ntable. It may not see what kind of partition it is, but it will see that something is there. On the other hand, the Linux fdisk can read the partition table and recognize what kind of partitions they are.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAnother cause of this kind of message is that <glossary>LILO<\/glossary>\nor <glossary>GRUB<\/glossary> might not have been installed correctly.\nTherefore, you should <glossary>boot<\/glossary> from the boot\/root floppy that you made for the\ninstallation. Once you get to the boot:, you can specify the root file system to be on the hard\ndisk. Once there, check the \/etc\/lilo.conf file and install it again.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nOne of my favorite problems I saw both with Linux and other <glossary>UNIX<\/glossary>\ndialects. When you <glossary>boot<\/glossary>,\n another OS starts instead of Linux, or Linux is installed first and after installing the other OS,\nLinux is no longer accessible. In the first case, glossary>LILO<\/glossary>\nor <glossary>GRUB<\/glossary> may not have been installed. If it was\ninstalled, maybe it was not installed in the master boot record; but Linux is not active, so the\nother OS boots. Maybe you simply configured glossary>LILO<\/glossary>\nor <glossary>GRUB<\/glossary> so that OS will boot by default. Ctrl+Shift+Tab and\noften just Tab gives you the LILO\nor GRUB menu. (See appropriate <glossary>man-page<\/glossary> for more details.)<\/p>\n<p>\nDepending on the distribution, you may be able to choose what type of file system on which you\nwant to install. If you will remember from the section on file systems, Linux supports several\ndifferent types of file systems, most of which you can install on.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIf you are fortunate to have a system that understands the RedHat Package Manager Format\n(<command>rpm<\/command>), adding additional software is fairly easy. See the rpm <glossary>man-page<\/glossary>\nfor more details.\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Installation Problems Some possible problems could occur during the installation, one of which is that you have no free space. 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